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Sintesis Magnetit Silika-Setiltrimetilamonium Bromida Dari Pasir Besi Pantai Klayar Pacitan Untuk Adsorpsi Fenol
RINGKASAN
Magnetit diunggulkan sebagai adsorben generasi baru dengan potensi efisiensi penanganan air limbah seperti fenol. Pelapisan silika dan fungsionalisasi dengan CTAB diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan material ini sebagai adsorben fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan magnetit silika-CTAB yang memiliki ketahanan terhadap panas dan asam, menentukan pengaruh suhu pengeringan terhadap struktur magnetit silika dan pengaruh jumlah CTAB, waktu kontak dan pH terhadap kemampuan adsorpsi fenol.
Sintesis Magnetit Silika Setiltrimetrilamonium Bromida (MS-CTAB) telah berhasil dilakukan. Sintesis diawali dengan pemisahan magnetit dari pasir besi dilakukan secara ekstraksi magnetis menggunakan magnet permanen. Pelapisan silika pada magnetit dilakukan melalui metode sol-gel pada temperatur pengeringan 80 oC (MSA) dan kalsinasi 350 oC (MSB). Hasil yang diperoleh difungsionalisasi CTAB dengan konsentrasi 1 mM; 5 mM; 10 mM. Karakterisasi adsorben dilakukan dengan X- Ray Difractogram (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Gas Adsorption Analyzer (GSA). Magnetit silika CTAB diuji kemampuannya sebagai adsorben fenol dengan variasi waktu kontak dan pH.
Hasil difraktogram menunjukkan ekstraksi magnetis terbukti mampu memisahkan magnetit dari komponen pasir pantai yang lain dengan sangat baik. Kehadiran silika tampak pada spektra dengan bilangan gelombang 956 dan 3500-3200 cm-1 yang menandakan adanya gugus hidroksil dari gugus silanol dan molekul air serta dua puncak kuat diamati di sekitar 1100 dan 1200 cm-1, masing-masing menunjukkan Si-O-Si regangan simetri dan asimetris. Pengikatan CTAB muncul pada spektra di bilangan gelombang 2924 cm–1 dan 2855 cm–1 yang merupakan stretching antisimetrik dan simetrik CH2 dan puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1381 dan 1466 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi tekuk N+-(CH3)3 menunjukkan puncak CTAB di atas silika merupakan ikatan elektrostatik. Hasil isoterm adsorpsi menunjukkan karakteristik permukaan berupa mesopori yang menurun seiring penambahan CTAB dengan distribusi pori yang sangat teratur pada diameter pori 2 dan 4 nm dan broading di 5-10 nm yang mengindikasikan perubahan struktur misel menjadi admisel di atas silika. Pembentukan admisel mendukung terjadinya adsolubilisasi fenol sehingga penyerapan fenol mencapai optimal pada 86 % dalam waktu 12 menit. Adsorpsi fenol sangat dipengaruhi olah pH mengingat fenol berubah menjadi ion fenolik yang berinteraksi dengan admisel surfaktan kationik.
SUMMARY
Magnetite is favored as a new generation of adsorbents with the potential for handling effluents such as phenol. Silica coating and functionalization with CTAB are expected to enhance the ability of this material as phenol adsorbents. The objective of this research is to produce a magnetite of silica-CTAB which has resistance to heat and acid, determining the influence of drying temperature on silica magnetite structure and the influence of CTAB number, contact time and pH on phenol adsorption capability.
Synthesis Magnetite Silica Cetyltrimetylammonium Bromide (MS-CTAB) has been successfully made. Synthesis began with magnetite separation from iron sand which was carried out by magnetic extraction using permanent magnets. The silica coating on magnetite was carried out by sol-gel with drying temperature was 80 oC (MSA) and calcined 350 °C (MSB). The result was functionalizes with CTAB solution in concentration of 1 mM; 5 mM; 10 mM. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Gas Adsorption Analyzer (GSA). The CTAB silica magnetite was tested for its ability as a phenol adsorbent with variations of contact time and pH.
The difactogram showed magnetic extractions was proved to be able to separate magnetite from other beach sand components very well. The presence of silica over magnetite was indicated by the appearance of spectra at wave numbers of 956 and 3500-3200 cm-1 indicating the presence of hydroxyl groups of silanol groups and water molecules and two strong peaks observed at about 1100 and 1200 cm-1, showing asymmetrical Si-O-Si stretching and bending respectively. Silica was functionalized by CTAB could be detected by spectra FTIR at the wavelengths of 2924 cm-1 and 2855 cm-1 refered to the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching of CH2. Also found spectra at 1381 and 1466 cm-1 refered to bending vibration of N+-(CH3)3 the amine group as CTAB peak above the silica was an electrostatic bond. The results of the adsorption isotherms showed the mesoporoures surface characteristics decreased with the addition of CTAB which gave a very order pore distribution on 2 and 4 nm and broding at 5.5-10 nm which indicated a change from micelle structure to admisel over silica. Admicelle formation supported the occurrence of phenol adsolubilization that enhanced phenol absorption that reached the optimum capacity at 86 % just over 12 minutes. The adsorption of phenol was greatly influenced by the pH considering that phenol turned into a phenolic ion interacting with cationic surfactant admicelles.
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