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Biosistematik Nepenthes spp. Dari Sumatera Selatan Berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi Dan Molekuler
ABSTRAK
Nepenthes spp. merupakan tumbuhan khas Asia Tenggara terutama Indonesia yang memiliki modifikasi daun khusus disebut kantong (pitcher). Jumlah spesies Nepenthes spp. terbanyak di Indonesia terdapat di Pulau Sumatera. Nepenthes spp. mempunyai banyak variasi fenotipe karena dapat melakukan hibridisasi secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biosistematik Nepenthes spp. dari Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di hutan Desa Tekorejo, Desa Air Itam dan lokasi budidaya di Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Identifikasi karakter morfologi dilakukan pada karakteristik akar, batang, daun, dan kantong. Data morfologi digunakan untuk analisis fenetik menggunakan software NTSYS versi 2.02. Identifikasi molekuler menggunakan sekuen ITS yang terdiri atas ITS1, 5,8S dan ITS2. Amplifikasi ITS dilakukan menggunakan primer ITS1 dan ITS4. Data sekuen DNA digunakan untuk analisis filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA 6. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 varian Nepenthes spp. yang tergolong dalam spesies N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, dan N. sumatrana. Hasil analisis fenetik menunjukkan terdapat dua klaster utama. Klaster pertama terdiri dari N. mirabilis dan N. sumatrana, sedangkan klaster kedua terdiri dari N. gracilis. Pohon filogenetik hasil analisis molekuler menunjukkan garis monofiletik antara N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, dan N. sumatrana dengan hubungan kekerabatan terdekat N. mirabilis dan N. gracilis.
Kata kunci: fenetik, filogenetik, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), kantong semar
ABSTRACT
Nepenthes spp. are typical plants of Southeast Asia especially Indonesia which have a special leaf modification called pitcher. Almost all of species Nepenthes spp. in Indonesia are found in Sumatra island. Nepenthes spp. have many phenotypic variations, because they can hybridize naturally. This study aimed to analyze the biosystematic of Nepenthes spp. from South Sumatra based on the morphological and molecular character of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Sampling was conducted in the forest of Tekorejo Village, Air Itam Village and the cultivation location in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Identification of morphological characters were performed on the characteristics of roots, stems, leaves, and pitchers. The morphological data for phenetic analysis was analysed using NTSYS software version 2,02. Molecular identification was performed using sequences of ITS i.e., ITS1, 5,8S and ITS2. The amplification of the ITS was performed using ITS1 and ITS4 primer pairs. DNA sequences data were used for phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 6 software. The result showed that there were 9 variants of Nepenthes spp. which belong to the species N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, and N. sumatrana. The result of phenetic analysis showed there were two main clusters. The first cluster consisted of N. mirabilis and N. sumatrana, while the second cluster consisted of N. gracilis. The phylogenetic tree of molecular analysis showed monophyletic line between N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, and N. sumatrana with the closest genetic of N. mirabilis, and N. gracilis.
Keywords: phenetic, phylogenetic, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), pitcher plant
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