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Profil pH Aktivitas Kompleks Enzim Lignoselulolitik Termostabil Pengurai Limbah Sagu
RINGKASAN
Limbah ampas sagu merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa tersusun atas; 44,13% selulosa,
21,09% hemiselulosa dan 23,30% lignin. Kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang cukup
tinggi ini sangat potensial sebagai sumber gula sederhana melalui proses hidrolisis. Gula
sederhana yang diperoleh melalui proses hidrolisis ini, dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku
produksi bioetanol, perasa sirup, dan minuman, serta aditif dalam pembuatan obat yang dapat
meningkatkan nilai jual atau nilai ekonomi dari limbah tersebut. Hidrolisis lignoselulosa
dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode diantaranya; secara kimia, fisika, mikrobiologis,
enzimatis yang masing-masing memiliki beberapa kekurangan. Proses secara enzimatis
diketahui cukup efisien namun relatif mahal. sehingga diperlukan alternatif enzim yang dapat
diperleh dari konsorsium kompos termofilik berupa komplek enzim lignoselulolitik yang
memiliki nilai ekonomis lebih rendah. Komplek enzim lignoselulolitik diperoleh dari starter
turunan konsorsium termofilik kompos yang ditumbuhkan pada limbah ampas sagu.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan starter turunan yang optimum dalam
mendegradasi limbah sagu dari variasi starter turunan dan mendapatkan data profil pH
aktivitas kompleks enzim lignoselulolitik, selulase dan xilanase dari kultur limbah sagu.
Tahapan dalam penelitian ini adalah preparasi limbah ampas sagu, preparasi suspensi
starter mikroba, optimasi kultur starter turunan, produksi dan isolasi kompleks enzim
lignoselulolitik, fraksinasi enzim dengan ammonium sulfat, dialisis enzim dengan membran
selofan, penentuan pH optimum kompleks enzim lignoselulolitik, penentuan pH optimum
enzim selulase, penentuan pH optimum enzim xilanase, dan uji kadar protein dengan metode
Lowry.
Hasil penelitian diperoleh starter turunan optimum yaitu starter turunan suspensi,
kompleks enzim lignoselulolitik memiliki aktivitas spesifik tertinggi pada pH 7,0; enzim
selulase memiliki aktivitas spesifik tertinggi pada pH 7,0 dan 8,0; dan enzim xilanase
memiliki aktivitas spesifik tertinggi pada kisaran pH 6,0-7,0.
SUMMARY
Sago waste is lignocellulotic biomass that composed on 44.13 % cellulose, 21.09 %
hemicellulose and 23.30 % lignin. The sizable content of cellulose and hemicellulose are very
potential as source of reducing sugar throughout the process of hydrolysis. Reducing sugar
which obtained by hydrolysis can be used as material for the production of bioethanol,
flavour syrup, and beverages, as well as used to additive in the production of drugs that can
increase resaling value or economic value of this sago waste. Lignocellulose hydrolysis can
be done by several methods such as; chemical, physical, microbiological, and enzymatic
method. There are several deficiency respetively. The enzymatic process is known to be
efficient but it is relatively expensive, so that there has to be an alternative enzyme which has
low economic value. Lignocellulolytic enzyme which is obtained from thermophilic compost
consortium is one of the alternative enzyme that has lower economic value. Enzyme
lignocellulolytic complex is obtained from derivative starter of thermophilic compost
consortium that grown on sago waste.s
This research aim to obtains optimum derivative starter in degrading sago pulp of
varian derivative starter and obtains profile data of pH acvitivity of complex lignocellulotic
enzyme, cellulose and xylanase from sago pulp culture. The stage of this research is the
preparation of sago pulp, preparation of microbes starter suspension, optimation of derivate
starter culture, production and complex isolation of lignocellulotic enzyme, fractionation of
enzyme by mixing ammonium sulfate, dialysis of enzyme by using cellophane membrane,
determination of optimum pH of Xylanase, and testing of protein degree by using Lowry
method.
The result of this research is obtained an optimum derivate starter, which is
suspension derivate starter, the complex of lignocellulotic enzyme has highest specific
activity on pH 7.0; cellulose enzyme has highest specific activity at 7.0 and 8.0, and th
xylanase has the pH specific activity at range 6.0 to 7.0.
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