Text
Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Aktivitas Inhibisi Xantin Oksidase Senyawa Alkaloid Dari Getah Mangrove Avicennia marina 541,3
RINGKASAN
Avicennia marina (pohon api-api) merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove
yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia dan dikenal sebagai bahan obat tradisional.
Mangrove A. marina mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti alkaloid, saponin,
tanin, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid serta memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba,
antifungi, antitumor dan insektisida. Bagian getah A. marina dapat dimanfaatkan
sebagai alat kontrasepsi dan obat asam urat. Penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan
bahwa fraksi etil asetat getah A. marina dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim xantin
oksidase. Salah satu kandungan kimia dari fraksi tersebut adalah senyawa
alkaloid. Jenis dan kemampuan menghambat kerja enzim xantin oksidase senyawa
alkaloid dalam eksudat A. marina belum pernah dilaporkan, oleh karena itu perlu
diteliti lebih lanjut.
Tahapan kerja yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu karakterisasi
simplisia (susut pengeringan, uji kadar sari, kadar abu, dan penapisan fitokimia),
isolasi alkaloid dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%,
fraksinasi dengan n-heksan dan etil asetat. Pemisahan alkaloid dilakukan dengan
metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan uji kemurniannya menggunakan
metode KLT, uji aktivitas ekstrak alkaloid dan isolat alkaloid dengan metode
inhibisi xantin oksidase, kemudian penentuan struktur isolat alkaloid dengan
analisis spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR, dan LCMS.
Hasil penapisan fitokimia getah Avicennia marina menunjukkan adanya
senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, kuinon, triterpenoid dan steroid,
sedangkan pada ekstrak etanol getah A. marina tidak mengandung saponin. Susut
pengeringan pada getah A. marina sebesar 0,87%, kadar abu total 2,73%, kadar
abu tidak larut asam 0,78%, kadar sari larut air 54,08%, dan kadar sari larut etanol
1,66%. Ekstrak alkaloid yang diperoleh sebanyak 2,33 gram dengan persentase
rendemen 6,657%, dan eluen terbaik pemisahan komponen ekstrak getah secara
kromatografi lapis tipis adalah campuran kloroform : etil asetat (10 : 1). Isolat
alkaloid yang diperoleh berupa padatan berwarna coklat berbentuk amorf dan
mempunyai titik leleh 295-297oC. Karakterisasi isolat alkaloid dengan
spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat alkaloid mempunyai λmaks 210 dan
250 nm. Analisis dengan spektofotometer FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus N-H,
=C-H aromatik, O-H, CH3, CH2, C=O, C=C aromatik, C-N, C-O eter, C-O
alkohol, C-H aromatik, sedangkan kromatogram LC-MS isolat alkaloid
menunjukkan satu puncak dengan waktu retensi 1,7 menit dan memiliki berat
molekul sebesar 261,34 g/mol. Uji aktivitas inhibisi xantin oksidase terhadap
ekstrak alkaloid menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 18,8346 ppm, dan pada isolat
alkaloid diperoleh IC50 sebesar 29,5357 ppm, sedangkan allopurinol standar
memiliki IC50 sebesar 28,013 ppm.
SUMMARY
Avicennia marina is one of the mangrove species that commonly grows in
Indonesia and is known as traditional medicine. A. marina mangrove contain
bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and
triterpenoids and has activity as an antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor and
insecticides. The sap part of A. marina can be used as a contraceptive and gout
medicine. The previous study reported that ethyl acetate fraction of A. marina sap
can inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme. One of the chemical contents
of the fraction is alkaloid. The type and ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme
of alkaloid compounds in A. marina exudates has not been reported, therefore it
needs to be further investigated.
An outline of the research works was established through three stages,
they are simplicia characterization (drying shrinkage, concentrate content test,
ash content, and phytochemical screening), isolation of alkaloids by maceration
method using 96% ethanol, fractionation with n-hexane and ethyl acetate.
Alkaloid separation was done by preparative thin layer chromatography and its
purity test was done using TLC method, alkaloid extract and alkaloid isolate
activity test was done by xanthine oxidase inhibition method, then the
determination of alkaloid isolates structure was done using UV-Vis
spectrophotometer, FTIR and LCMS analysis.
Results of Avicennia marina sap phytochemical screening showed the
presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, triterpenoids and
steroids, while A. marina sap ethanol extract does not contain saponin. Drying
shrinkage on A. marina sap is about 0.87%, total ash is about 2.73%, acid
insoluble ash content is 0.78%, water soluble extract content is 54.08%, and
ethanol soluble extract content is 1.66%. Alkaloid extract which obtained is about
2.33 gram with 6.657% percentage yield, and the best eluent of sap extract
component separation by thin layer chromatography is a mixture of chloroform :
ethyl acetate (10 : 1). Alkaloid isolates which obtained is a solid brown
amorphous form and has 295-297oC melting point. Alkaloid isolates
characterization with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that alkaloid isolates
have λmaks of 210 and 250 nm. The analysis by FTIR spectrophotometer showed
the presence of N-H, =C-H aromatic, O-H, CH3, CH2, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-N,
C-O ether, C-O alcohol, C-H aromatic, while the alkaloid isolates LC-MS
chromatogram showed one peak with 1.7 minutes retention time and has a
molecular weight of 261.34 g/mol. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity test
against alkaloid extract generate IC50 of 18.8346 ppm, and at alkaloid isolates
obtained IC50 of 29.5357 ppm, while the allopurinol standard had IC50 of 28.013
ppm.
1330C16IV | 1330 C 16 | Perpustakaan FSM Undip (Referensi) | Tersedia |
Tidak tersedia versi lain