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Karakterisasi Umbi-Umbian Beberapa Jenis Anggota Famili Araceae Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Dan Amilum
ABSTRAK
Araceae (Talas-talasan) merupakan tumbuhan yang telah dikenal masyarakat dan
telah dibudidayakan serta banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Umbi Araceae
memiliki karbohidrat tinggi, berpotensi sebagai sumber pangan lokal. Informasi
mengenai pemanfaatan Araceae masih terbatas sehingga keberadaan Araceae mulai
terpinggirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkarakterisasi morfologi; mengkaji
tipe, bentuk dan ukuran amilum; mengetahui berat rendemen; kadar amilosa dan
amilopektin. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni di Desa Jabungan,
Desa Mluweh dan Desa Susukan Semarang. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui metode
wawancara, eksplorasi dan analisis. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil
eksplorasi diperoleh 13 jenis dari 5 genus. Karakter yang membedakan antar 13 jenis
Famili Araceae terlihat pada ujung tepi daun, permukaan atas dan bawah daun,
dudukan daun, bentuk helaian daun, warna dan bentuk umbi. Tipe amilum diperoleh
tipe monoadelp (8 jenis), diadelp (1 jenis), dan poliadelp (4 jenis). Bentuk amilum
diperoleh bentuk konsentris (8 jenis) dan eksentris (5 jenis). Ukuran amilum
diperoleh 4,2 – 718,23 µm. Berat rendemen sekitar 3-51%. Kadar amilopektin 41-
58% dan amilosa 15-32%.
Kata kunci : Karakter morfologi,Karakter Amilum, Amilosa, Amilopektin, Pangan
fungsional, Araceae
ABSTRACT
Araceae (Talas - talasan) is plant that known to the Indonesian peple. Araceae have
been cultivated and used by Indonesian people. Araceae tubers have high
carbohydrate, potential as a local food source. Information about Araceae is limit,
causing Araceae marginalized. The research objective to characterize the
morphology; assess the type, shape and size of the starch; know the weight of the
yield; levels of amylose and amylopectin. The study was conducted from April to
June. The sampling was conducted at the Jabungan, Village Mluweh and Susukan
Semarang. Research data exploration and analysis methods. Data analysis was
performed by descriptive and inferential. Morphological characterization and starch is
done in the laboratory. The results were obtained 13 species of 5 genus.
Distinguishing characteristics of 13 types Family Araceae found in the leaf blade (tip,
edge, top and bottom surfaces, the holder, shape) and color - shape of tubers.
Monoadelp amylum types (8 species), diadelp (1 species), and poliadelp (4 species).
amylum concentric shape (8 species) and eccentric (5 species). Amylum size obtained
4.2 to 718.23 µm. Rendement weight 3-51%. Amylopectin content of 41-58% and
15-32% amylose.
Keyword : Morphological characters, amylum character (Amylose, amylopecti),
Functional Food, Araceae
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