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Sintesis Membran Flat Molekul Tercetak Urea Dari Campuran Polieugenol Dan Polisulfon Untuk Adsorpsi Urea Sebagai Kandidat Membran Hemodialisis
RINGKASAN
Gagal ginjal adalah ginjal mengalami penurunan lebih dari 90%. Berdasarkan
data PERNEFRI (Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia) pada tahun 2012 ada 19.621
orang mengalami gagal ginjal. Sekitar 78 % harus menjalani cuci darah seumur
hidupnya. Hemodialisis adalah cara memisahkan urea, kreatinin dan vitamin B12
dalam darah menggunakan membran semipermeable. Membran yang digunakan
harus kuat, berpori, tidak bocor, selektif, dan tidak ditolak oleh darah
(hemokompatibel). Eugenol adalah senyawa organik bersifat non polar yang
ditemukan 80-90% dalam tanaman cengkeh. Senyawa ini memiliki tiga gugus
fungsional yaitu gugus alil, hidroksi dan metoksi, yang mana ketiga gugus ini
selektif digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan membran campuran. Akan tetapi
polieugenol (mudah rusak) jika dibuat membran polimer, maka diperlukan adanya
penambahan polisulfon agar menghasilkan membran lebih kuat. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mensintesis membran Moleculary Imprinted Membrane (MIM)
dengan molekul tercetak urea dan sintesis membran Non Imprinted Membrane
(NIM) berbentuk flat untuk adsorpsi urea sebagai kandidat membran hemodialisis.
Mengetahui selektivitas adsorpsi Moleculary Imprinted Membrane (MIM) dan Non
Imprinted Membrane (NIM) terhadap urea, kreatinin dan vitamin B12.
Penelitian mengenai “Sintesis Membran Flat Molekul Tercetak Urea dari
Campuran Polieugenol dan Polisulfon Untuk Adsorpsi Urea Sebagai Kandidat
Membran Hemodialisis” terbagi dalam beberapa tahapan. Pertama, mengubah
senyawa eugenol menjadi polieugenol. Tahap kedua, sintesis MIM diawali dengan
cara mengontakan polieugenol dalam larutan urea 1000 ppm sedangkan sintesis
NIM sebaliknya. Kemudian, ditambahkan dengan variasi komponen membran
MIM dan NIM dengan menambahkan polisulfon, PEG 4000 atau 6000.
Selanjutnya, membran MIM dicuci menggunakan variasi larutan pencuci seperti
HCl 0,1 M, NaOH 0,1 M, dan akuabides. Hasil membran MIM dan NIM digunakan
untuk mengadsorpsi larutan urea 50 ppm, kreatinin 10 ppm, dan vitamin B12 20
ppm.
Hasil yang didapatkan dari sintesis berupa endapan berwarna orange dengan
rendemen sebesar 99%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis FTIR polieugenol menunjukkan
hilangnya serapan gugus alil (C=C) pada daerah bilangan gelombang 1620,21 cm-
1
, pada gugus vinil (C=CH2) pada daerah bilangan gelombang 995,27 cm-1 dan
910,40 cm-1. Pada variasi komponen membran didapatkan hasil yang terbaik
menggunakan membran MIM PEG 6000 karena dengan adanya penambahan PEG
terlihat dari hasil karakterisasi FTIR, SEM-EDX Crossection. Membran MIM PEG
6000 menggunakan larutan pencuci akuabides merupakan hasil terbaik untuk
pelepasan template urea yang terlihat dari hasil karakterisasi FTIR, SEM-EDX
Crossection. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis
pada membran MIM PEG 6000 di dapatkan hasil persentase optimal sisa larutan
yang tidak teradsorpsi urea 50 ppm sebesar 40,29%, kreatinin 10 ppm sebesar
89,26%, dan vitamin B12 sebesar 48,21%. Membran NIM PEG 6000 didapatkan
hasil persentase optimal sisa larutan yang tidak teradsorpsi sebesar adsorpsi urea 50
ppm sebesar 78,42%, kreatinin 10 ppm sebesar 73,08%, dan vitamin B12 sebesar
59,39%.
SUMMARY
Kidney failure is a disease in which the kidney function has decreased more
than 90%. Based on data from PERNEFRI (Indonesian Nephrology Association) in
2012 there were 19.621 people experiencing kidney failure. About 78% have to
undergo dialysis all their lives. Hemodialysis is a way of separating urea and
creatinine in the blood using a semipermeable membrane. The membrane used must
be strong, porous, not leaky, selective, and not rejected by the blood
(hemocompatible). Eugenol is a non-polar organic compound found nearly 80-90%
in clove plant . This compound has three functional groups namely allyl, hydroxy
and methoxy groups where these groups are very selective used as one of the mixed
membrane materials because polyugenols (easily damaged) if a polymer membrane
is made, it is necessary to add polysulfone to produce a stronger membrane. This
research aims to synthesizing Moleculary Imprinted Membrane (MIM) membranes
with urea-template molecules and synthesis of Non-Imprinted Membrane (NIM)
membranes of flat-shaped membranes for adsorption of urea as hemodialysis
membrane candidates. Knowing the adsorption selectivity of Moleculary Imprinted
Membrane (MIM) and Non Imprinted Membrane (NIM) against urea, creatinine
and vitamin B12
Research about “Synthesis of Flat Urea Molecular Imprinted Membranes from
a Blend of Polieugenol and Polysulfon for Urea Adsorption as Candidates for
Hemodialysis Membranes” is divided into several step. First, convert eugenol
compounds into polieugenol. Second step, the synthesis of MIM is initiated by
contacting polieugenol in 1000 ppm urea solution while the synthesis of NIM the
reverse. Then, variation in components of the MIM and NIM membranes is added
by adding PEG 6000 or 4000. Next, the MIM membrane was washed using washing
solutions such as 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, and aquabides. The results of the MIM
membrane and NIM were adsorbed using a 50 ppm urea solution, 10 ppm
creatinine, and 20 ppm vitamin B12.
The results obtained from the synthesis is formed an orange precipitate with a
yield of 99%. Based on the results of FTIR analysis of polieugenol shows the loss
of absorption of allyl groups (C = C) in the wave number area 1620.21 cm-1 while
in the vinyl groups (C = CH2) in the wave number area 995.27 cm-1 and 910,40 cm-
1
. The variation of membrane components, the best results were obtained using the
MIM PEG 6000 membrane because the addition of PEG was seen from the results
of FTIR characterization, SEM-EDX Crossection. MIM PEG 6000 membrane
using aquabides washing solution is the best result to release urea template which
can be seen from the results of FTIR, SEM-EDX Crossection characterization.
Based on the analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry on the MIM PEG 6000
membrane, the results optimal percentage of the remaining un-adsorption solution
of urea 50 ppm were 40.29%, creatinine 10 ppm was 89.26%, and vitamin B12 was
48.20%. NIM PEG 6000 membrane, the result optimal percentage of the remaining
un-adsorption solution of urea 50 ppm was 78.41%, creatinine 10 ppm was 73.08%,
and vitamin B12 was 59.39%.
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